Cyberpunk, the Postglobal and the Posthuman

Cyberpunk fiction has always imagined a world where corporations replace governments as the dominant power in society. In these stories, companies don’t just sell products, they control survival itself. Among all industries, pharmaceutical corporations stand out as the most unsettling example of this idea, because they operate at the intersection of profit, life, and bodily autonomy. When the thing keeping you alive is owned by someone trying to maximize profit, the line between science fiction and reality begins to blur. What once felt like an exaggerated warning now feels increasingly plausible. In fact, many of the core themes of cyberpunk are already visible in today’s pharmaceutical industry.

One of the clearest parallels is access as a weapon. In cyberpunk worlds, life-saving drugs and enhancements are reserved for those who can afford them. This is no longer purely fictional. In the United States and beyond, insulin prices have skyrocketed, cancer treatments can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, and some essential medications are removed from the market simply because they are not profitable enough. Research on drug pricing and access shows how pharmaceutical systems can restrict availability of essential medicines and reinforce inequality. Survival, in these cases, becomes conditional, not on medical need, but on economic status.

Closely tied to this is the idea of the body as a commodity. Cyberpunk frequently explores the unsettling concept that people no longer fully own their own bodies. Instead, biology becomes something controlled through corporate systems: enhancements that require payment or treatments that can be withheld. In reality, this is reflected in pharmaceutical patents, genetic ownership, and the commercialization of biomedical innovation. Scholars examining biotechnology and ethics highlight how ownership of genetic material and treatments raises serious concerns about autonomy. These developments suggest that the cyberpunk idea of “renting your own body” may not be far-fetched.

Another disturbing connection is regulatory capture. In cyberpunk fiction, corporations effectively become the regulators, shaping the rules that are supposed to limit them. While we are not fully at that point, there are clear warning signs. Agencies like the FDA are often criticized for being influenced by the industries they regulate through lobbying and institutional ties. Research into pharmaceutical governance shows how these relationships can shape policy and regulatory decisions. These barriers make it difficult for smaller competitors to enter the market, reinforcing the dominance of large corporations.

Cyberpunk also frequently depicts experimentation on vulnerable populations, and this too has real-world parallels. History provides clear examples, such as the Tuskegee syphilis study, as well as ongoing concerns about clinical trials conducted in developing countries where regulations may be weaker. In these cases, the people who bear the greatest risks are often those with the least power, a pattern that mirrors the exploitative systems seen in cyberpunk narratives. Perhaps the most direct example of cyberpunk becoming reality is addiction as a business model. The opioid crisis, driven in large part by Purdue Pharma, demonstrates how a corporation can knowingly create dependency while continuing to profit. This scenario feels almost identical to a cyberpunk plot, where the line between healer and dealer disappears entirely. The company responsible for treating pain becomes the same entity that profits from prolonged suffering. All of these trends lead to the most unsettling parallel of all: pay-to-survive healthcare. In cyberpunk worlds, basic health is not a right—it is a service you must continuously pay for. Today, we see echoes of this in people rationing insulin, relying on crowdfunding for medical treatments, or being denied care by insurance systems. Survival is no longer guaranteed; it is negotiated. Because of these patterns, it is difficult to argue that cyberpunk is merely exaggeration. Instead, it functions as a warning, one that we are increasingly failing to heed. The pharmaceutical industry demonstrates how corporate power can extend into the most fundamental aspects of human life. When profit incentives are tied directly to survival, the risk of exploitation becomes unavoidable.

That said, we are not fully living in a cyberpunk dystopia—yet. Regulatory systems still exist, public awareness continues to grow, and global differences in healthcare models show that alternative approaches are possible. However, these safeguards are constantly under pressure, and their effectiveness depends on continued public scrutiny and political action. Ultimately, cyberpunk is not just predicting the future, it is reflecting patterns already present in our world. The question is no longer whether we are moving toward a cyberpunk reality, but how far we are willing to let that transformation go. If access to life itself continues to be shaped by corporate profit, then the dystopian worlds imagined in fiction may not be fiction for much longer.

image: A representation of corporate power and data surveillance!

Cyberpunk vs Reality

Cyberpunk literature has long imagined a future where corporations dominate, often surpassing governments and viewing human lives as disposable. These fictional organizations, like Tyrell Corporation in Blade Runner and Tessier-Ashpool SA in Neuromancer, control technology, prioritize profit, and shirk responsibility. Although these stories may seem exaggerated, many modern companies behave in ways that closely resemble these dystopian visions, especially in areas such as gig economy labor practices, pharmaceutical pricing, and surveillance capitalism.

Hacking the Mind, Not the Body: Surveillance Capitalism

The way internet corporations gather and utilize personal data is one such example. These days, businesses collect a lot of personal data and use it to target advertisements and forecast behavior. This concept relates to the topic of "hacking the body vs. hacking the mind" that we covered in class. Hacking in cyberpunk is about manipulating people, not just systems. In the real world, businesses don't hack our bodies, but they do have an impact on our beliefs, purchases, and ways of thinking. This system, which turns human behavior into a resource for businesses, is frequently referred to as surveillance capitalism (Axios, 2019). That makes me think of cyberpunk settings where individuals are continuously seen and impacted.

Identity and Privacy Loss in the Digital Age

Additionally, there is concrete proof of the effectiveness of this data collection. According to a Federal Trade Commission investigation, big social media corporations gathered a lot of user data and shared it with outside parties, often without the consumers' knowledge (The Guardian, 2024). This relates to the loss of identity and privacy, another cyberpunk concept we discussed. People lose control over their own knowledge in such scenarios, and a less severe version of that is happening now.

Government Power vs. Corporate Power

The notion of businesses taking the place of established power institutions is another link to our class. In cyberpunk, businesses dominate most of the choices, and governments are powerless. Companies still have a lot of power, even though it isn't entirely true nowadays. They can influence laws and policies through economic power and lobbying. This gives the impression that the distinction between corporate and governmental authority is becoming increasingly hazy.

The Value of Human Labor and the Gig Economy

The gig economy is related to the previous class information on the worth of people in cyberpunk settings. People are viewed as disposable and only useful for what they can provide in many stories. These days, gig workers for businesses like DoorDash and Uber frequently lack benefits and job stability, which makes them feel the same way. Employees are crucial, but they can be readily replaced. The concept of humans being reduced to their utility is reflected in cyberpunk.

Cyberpunk as a Caution, not a Prediction

I don't believe that our culture is entirely cyberpunk. This relates to another topic covered in class: cyberpunk is frequently a critique rather than a forecast. These tales exaggerate real problems. Governments still have authority and can control businesses in the real world. For instance, various nations have different laws governing corporate control and data protection, demonstrating that businesses do not have total authority.

Views from Around the World on Corporate Power

This is not only an American problem; it is a global one as well. While governments are more stringent in certain nations, companies have greater flexibility in others. This demonstrates how the system determines how companies and power interact, a topic we have also discussed in class while comparing various civilizations.

Conclusion: What should we do next?

In my view, cyberpunk serves as a warning about what may happen if corporate power is abused. Although we are not quite there yet, there are early indications, particularly in the areas of corporate influence, labor practices, and data gathering. The way people react is what counts. We can keep things from being as bad as cyberpunk fiction if we remain conscious and keep challenging these structures.

Sources

Axios. (2019). The new data capitalism. https://www.axios.com/2019/06/25/personal-data-big-tech-companies-privacy-capitalism The Guardian. (2024). Social media firms engaged in vast surveillance, FTC finds. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/sep/19/social-media-companies-surveillance-ftc

OpenAI. (2026). Digital eye with data overlay representing surveillance and personal data tracking [AI-generated image]. ChatGPT.

AI Attestation: I improved the organization of my work and create title image with the use of AI. Based on what I learnt in the course, the thoughts and connections to the course material are my own.