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Cyberpunk, the Postglobal and the Posthuman

A website by the students in Dr. Todd's XCOR 3020 class at Xavier University of Louisiana

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Author: Zakiyah M.

27 November 2024 Zakiyah M.
Reading Time: 2 minutes

In the film Blade Runner (1982), Tyrell Corporation is responsible for the creation of replicants that eventually became illegal to have on Earth. The corporation created these human-like replicants with the mindset of making them “More Human Than Human”. The replicants would have the capacity to complete tasks that many humans would not want to do, which from a anthropocentric view, seems very appealing. However, Tyrell Corporation disregarded the ethically aspects of this creation by not only making the replicants look human-like, even though they are viewed as servants, but also by adding artificial intelligence that gave the replicants consciousness and false memories similar to that of humans. Even as replicants began to deviate from their original roles, individuals from Tyrell Corporation continued to produce and use them for their own personal use. This a prime example of corporate greed and is a common theme that is also seen in the real world.

In the real world, it is commonly seen that CEOs of corporations care more about themselves and their companies than the overall wellness of the people that they serve. For example, Jeff Bezos is one of the richest people in the world with a net worth of a couple hundred billion while the starting wage for individuals who work at Amazon shipping facilities is under twenty dollars per hour. This comparison is very similar to Tyrell Corporation in which they continuously used the free labor of sentient replicants to do all the work that they did not want to do themselves. This imbalance caused by corporate greed widens the economic gap between the upper class and lower class, making it harder for those with less income to continue to afford to live as the rich get even more rich. Jeff Bezos is not the only CEO like this. Many large corporations are heading in the same direction in which their greed continuously puts the masses at a large disadvantage as the corporations profit from the work of the people.

"Cyborg Madonna" by Floortje Walraven is licensed under CC BY 2.0.

Four Score and Seven Years from Now

27 November 2024 Zakiyah M.
Reading Time: 2 minutes

This course has definitely made me consider how technological advancements have and will continue to shape our world. Prior to this class, I did not think much about these types of enhancements in humans. I am not much of a science fiction person, so I did not have much interest in considering topics that fell into that realm of conversation. After this course though, I think more about how technology has continuously shaped the human experience. I did not think to consider a lot of the technology that is present now like hearing aids, pacemakers, and artificial limbs as human augmentations since they are so normalized. It has occurred to me though that at one point in time these things were considered anomalies, even though in the present we see that many benefit from them.

In the future, I can see scientists and researchers continuing to work to produce technology of a similar nature to the ones that I previously mentioned, especially ones that work in a way similar to hearing aids. I think that a lot of work will be done to create technology that can help the body make up for lost sensations like sight and touch. I think they will also find ways to create devices that can be used in place receiving an organ transplant since they are not easily accessible. It is likely that technology of the near future will work more to improve the quality of life for those who may have some loss of function rather than enhancing it for those who already have full function. I would be willing to try technology of this caliber if I needed it because it could possibly help with my health or ability to perform certain tasks. However, I think I would be less likely to try an augmentation that my body does not need. For example, if augmentations were created to give me more strength or supersonic hearing, I do not think that I would want it. These are things that I do not need and would therefore likely avoid.

Best of Both Worlds

27 November 2024 Zakiyah M.
Reading Time: 2 minutes

If I could hybridize with another animal, I think I would want to hybridize with a dolphin. Dolphins are the most intelligent of the mammalian family. It has been seen that dolphins understand spoken language by humans in various languages. This plays a role in the ability that they have to learn complex tricks that humans have taught them. Scientists also believe that dolphins understand the syntax of specific phrases spoken by humans and use this differentiation ability to decipher between various commands that they are given. Dolphins also seem to have a sense of self-awareness. In one experiment, they placed mirrors in front a dolphin with markers on the body and noticed that the dolphin looked at specific markers on its body in the mirror. This acknowledge is something that is rarely seen in animals.

If I were to hybridize with a dolphin, I would want its intelligence, without having the brain size that dolphins have. It would make my head too big for a human body. However, I think merging my brain capacity with the capacity that dolphin brains have would allow for me to be more aware of my surroundings. Dolphins are skilled hunters and have a specialized way of communicating with other dolphins. I think that this would be beneficial to me above water, but also underwater. In addition to the intelligence that dolphins have, I would want the tail and other structures that allow for dolphins to swim under water. I would want these structures to be very similar to the way it appears on mermaids in fiction. With the dolphin-like intelligence, I would be able to travel under water and see the depths of the ocean. I unfortunately do not think that I would be able to communicate to sea animals outside of dolphins, but I would be able to observe them in their natural habit. If I were to accomplish this hybridization goal, I think that I would compromise a lot of my humanity. I doubt that it would be possible to have tail that disappears when I reach land. Therefore, I would likely become a water-bound individual, which takes away a large part of the human experience.

Image from Blade runner of flying car next to a building with a digital board displaying woman's face

“Did It First” The Parallels Between Blade Runner and Neuromancer

10 October 2024 Zakiyah M.
Reading Time: 2 minutes

One defining feature that is seen throughout the cyberpunk genre is the dystopian city filled with skyscrapers and neon lights. This is juxtaposed with societal collapse, which can only be assumed to be a result of the technological advancements of the time. The movie Blade Runner (1982) directed by Ridley Scott was one of the first recognized cyberpunk films and paved the way for media of the same genre that came after it. One piece of media that followed this film was Neuromancer which was published by William Gibson two years after the release of Blade Runner. Neuromancer is a notable book because it also served as a heavy influence for the cyberpunk genre. The creativity of technological inventions seen within the book caused a shift in science fiction, paving the way for what cyberpunk is today. In both of these pieces of media, we also see a theme common within the cyberpunk genre, “high tech, low life”. In Blade Runner, technological advancements of the city are displayed throughout the skyline (bright building lights and electronic billboards) as well as in the presence of replicants which were human like androids that were originally created to be slaves to the human population. Within the film we see characters like Deckard eating in crowded food stations surrounded by televisions that barely work and the replicants living in rundown abandoned buildings. These same key aspects of the “high tech, low life” theme in the cyberpunk genre are presented within Neuromancer as well. In the book, characters within the story have been technologically enhanced, some having artificial limbs and even vision. Gibson also describes areas like Chiba city which have the bright lights and holograms on buildings throughout the city, which are primary element of cities in the cyberpunk genre. Additionally, within the book there are places like Night City which is more like the “slums” on the outskirts of Chiba City. Crime is prevalent in this area as people try to sell and distribute what they can to survive. It is clear that Blade Runner had some influence on the writing of Neuromancer due to similarities content in which the cities with bright lights and many technological advancements led to the downfall of society. However, these notable elements in those two pieces of work paved the way and continued a movement for the establishment of the cyberpunk genre and the many pieces of media that came after.

Breaking the Mold

10 October 2024 Zakiyah M.
Reading Time: 2 minutes

In the “Cyborg Manifesto” by Donna Haraway, the author speaks of a world where individuals do not have to worry about gender conformity in society. The essay proposes that in a more ideal world, gender should be a construct that is viewed as fluid and not something that is a deciding factor of self-identification. This is a key concept of post-humanism. Janelle Monae explores this theme of non-conformity (and post-humanism) within her album “Dirty Computer”. The second song on the album, “Crazy, Classic, Life” talks about wanting to break the rules and be free from the norms of life. One of example of this is seen in the second verse of the song, “I don’t need a diamond ring / I don’t wanna waste my youth / I don’t wanna live on my knees / I just have to tell the truth.” This section of the song is about the want to not follow the societal norms of marriage. It is expected of people to get married in their twenties and start families, but Janelle Monae expresses that she desires something else for herself. She goes on by saying that she does not want to live a submissive life, further driving the point of wanting to be her own individual instead of what society wants for her be. Monae’s expression of wanting to be her own person and not conform to what is expected directly relates to the ideal world that Donna Haraway wrote about. When Haraway wrote her essay in 1985, she wanted to break the mold for how society viewed woman and how this would be possible by removing the preconceived notions of what this identification means and looks like. Janelle Monae’s album (released in 2018) contains a more broad take on these same themes and additionally moves beyond gender non-conformity exclusively and more into a post-humanist view that relates to the entire identity of the person.

A Day in the Life

10 September 2024 Zakiyah M.
Reading Time: 2 minutes

One boundary that has shifted greatly is the boundaries of culture. As the use of social media continues to grow worldwide, we see a change in the influence of all of those who use it. In the advent of platforms such as Twitter, Instagram (reels), and TikTok, individuals are able to share and connect with people across the world within seconds. These connections allow for individuals to view the norms and traditions of others with the tap of a finger. Recipes are shared, fashion is influenced, and even languages are changed. Through the access of social media, you are able to find people across the world using languages that originated from others. For example, the term “gyat” being used by individuals of all races across the globe though it was a term that originated in the African American community. We see brands like Uniqlo which originated in japan grow and become more popular in other countries through advertisements on social media. This intercultural exchange is so seamless that many people do not even recognize it. In particular, this makes me think of recent events in which Twitter was banned in the country of Brazil. Many twitter users were surprised by how many accounts were run by Brazilian users without them even recognizing it until these users revealed that their accounts would no longer be active. With the exposure to users from so many different cultures, individuals no longer have to travel far to experience and be influenced by cultures that are not their own. Individuals are learning more about the culture of others and able to absorb this knowledge to use in their own daily lives. As cultures continue to spread through use of social media, it can only be presumed that one day in the far future, the cultures that once divided us as people from specific parts of the world will become far less distinguishable.

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/30/world/americas/brazil-elon-musk-x-blocked.html

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